World Geography Spring Semester Exam(4.0)
Australia and the Pacific Nations
Uluru, Northern Territory, Australia
from https://www.britannica.com/place/Uluru-Ayers-Rock
Uluru/Ayers Rock, giant monolith, one of the tors (isolated masses of weathered rock) in southwestern Northern Territory, central Australia. It has long been revered* by a variety of Australian Aboriginal peoples of the region, who call it Uluru. The rock was sighted in 1872 by explorer Ernest Giles and was first visited by a European the following year, when surveyor William Gosse named it for Sir Henry Ayers, a former South Australian premier. |
Composed of arkosic sandstone, which contains a high proportion of feldspar, the rock changes color according to the position of the Sun; it is most visually striking at sunset, when it is colored a fiery orange-red by the Sun’s rays. Its lower slopes have become fluted by the erosion of weaker rock layers, while the top is scored with gullies and basins that produce giant cataracts after infrequent rainstorms. Shallow caves at the base of the rock are sacred to several Aboriginal tribes and contain carvings and paintings.
In 1985 official ownership of Uluru/Ayers Rock was given to the local Aboriginal people, who thereupon leased the rock and the national park to the federal government for 99 years. The rock and the surrounding park were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site** in 1987, and UNESCO gave the park a second World Heritage designation in 1994 for its cultural significance. Uluru/Ayers Rock is one of Australia’s best-known tourist destinations. Hiking around the base of the rock is a popular activity, as is climbing up the rock itself. However, the local Aboriginal people have strongly encouraged people not to climb on it. * to revere something means you really respect it-maybe even worship it ** UNESCO means United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
5. William Gosse named Ayers Rock is named after _____.
A an animal B a person C a type of tree D a river |
6. Which type of rock makes up Uluru/Ayers Rock?
A granite B limestone C sandstone D obsidian |
New Zealand
from https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Zealand New Zealand, Maori Aotearoa, island country in the South Pacific Ocean, the southwestern most part of Polynesia. New Zealand is a remote land—one of the last sizable territories suitable for habitation to be populated and settled—and lies more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Australia, its nearest neighbor. The country comprises two main islands—the North and South islands—and a number of small islands, some of them hundreds of miles from the main group. The capital city is Wellington and the largest urban area Auckland; both are located on the North Island. 7. Which body of water separates North and South Island?
A Tasman Sea B Foveaux Strait C West Cape D Cook Strait 8. The largest urban area in New Zealand is _______.
A Wellington B Christchurch C Auckland D Nelson 9. In 1973, the population of New Zealand was 3 million. How many years passed before New Zealand's population reached 5 million?
A 47 B 17 C 27 D 37 |
Maori People
from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Maori
The word Māori refers to the indigenous people of New Zealand and their language. Both the term and the people are a hybrid of various Polynesian cultures, and are thought to have arrived in New Zealand more than one thousand years ago. The Maori people are well known for their distinctive traditional full-body and facial tattooing. They have a unique status in the world as indigenous people who have full legal rights.
It is thought that New Zealand was one of the last areas on Earth to be settled by humans. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests that probably several waves of migration came from Eastern Polynesia to New Zealand between 800 and 1300 C.E.. Māori origins relate to those of their Polynesian ancestors. Māori oral history describes the arrival of the ancestors from Hawaiki (a mythical homeland in tropical Polynesia) by large ocean-going canoes (waka). Migration accounts vary among Māori tribes (iwi), whose members can identify with different waka in their genealogies or whakapapa.
Tattooing came to New Zealand from other eastern Polynesian cultures, but is unique in that it is carved into the skin. This is done first, and next a chisel is dipped into a sooty type pigment such as burnt Kauri gum or burnt vegetable catepillars. Then this is tapped into the skin. It is an extremely painful and long process. Because tattooing causes blood to run, the tohunga-ta-oko (tattoo craftsmen) are very tapu (sacred) people. Leaves from the native Karaka tree are placed over the swollen tattoo cuts to hasten the healing process. During the tattooing process, flute music and chant poems were performed to help soothe the pain.
Although the tattoos were mainly facial, the North Auckland warriors included swirling double spirals on both buttocks, often leading down their legs until the knee. Women were not as extensively tattooed as the men. Their upper lips were outlined, usually in dark blue. The nostrils were also very finely incised. The chin Moko (pattern) was always the most popular, and continues to be practiced.
from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Maori
The word Māori refers to the indigenous people of New Zealand and their language. Both the term and the people are a hybrid of various Polynesian cultures, and are thought to have arrived in New Zealand more than one thousand years ago. The Maori people are well known for their distinctive traditional full-body and facial tattooing. They have a unique status in the world as indigenous people who have full legal rights.
It is thought that New Zealand was one of the last areas on Earth to be settled by humans. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests that probably several waves of migration came from Eastern Polynesia to New Zealand between 800 and 1300 C.E.. Māori origins relate to those of their Polynesian ancestors. Māori oral history describes the arrival of the ancestors from Hawaiki (a mythical homeland in tropical Polynesia) by large ocean-going canoes (waka). Migration accounts vary among Māori tribes (iwi), whose members can identify with different waka in their genealogies or whakapapa.
Tattooing came to New Zealand from other eastern Polynesian cultures, but is unique in that it is carved into the skin. This is done first, and next a chisel is dipped into a sooty type pigment such as burnt Kauri gum or burnt vegetable catepillars. Then this is tapped into the skin. It is an extremely painful and long process. Because tattooing causes blood to run, the tohunga-ta-oko (tattoo craftsmen) are very tapu (sacred) people. Leaves from the native Karaka tree are placed over the swollen tattoo cuts to hasten the healing process. During the tattooing process, flute music and chant poems were performed to help soothe the pain.
Although the tattoos were mainly facial, the North Auckland warriors included swirling double spirals on both buttocks, often leading down their legs until the knee. Women were not as extensively tattooed as the men. Their upper lips were outlined, usually in dark blue. The nostrils were also very finely incised. The chin Moko (pattern) was always the most popular, and continues to be practiced.
10. In Maori culture where would a person most likely find a waka?
A in a tree B in the sky C on the ocean D tattooed on someone's skin |
11.
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from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_world-regional-geography-people-places-and-globalization/s16-01-the-pacific-islands.html#:~:text=Melanesia%20includes%20the%20islands%20from,Islands%20to%20the%20Pitcairn%20Islands.&text=Micronesia%20consists%20mainly%20of%20low,high%20islands%2C%20such%20as%20Hawaii.
The many islands can be divided into three main groups based on physical geography, local inhabitants, and location: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Indigenous* cultural heritage remains strong in the South Pacific,
but Western culture has made deep inroads into people’s lives. The globalization process bears heavily on the
economic conditions that influence the cultural dynamics of the Pacific. . . Western trends in fast food, pop music,
clothing styles, and social customs often dominate television, radio, and the cinema. Invasive** Western cultural forces take
the focus away from the traditional indigenous culture and heritage of the people who inhabited these isolated islands for centuries.
*indigenous refers to the people who are native to that location
**invasive refers to something that has invaded a location and is generally destructive
The many islands can be divided into three main groups based on physical geography, local inhabitants, and location: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Indigenous* cultural heritage remains strong in the South Pacific,
but Western culture has made deep inroads into people’s lives. The globalization process bears heavily on the
economic conditions that influence the cultural dynamics of the Pacific. . . Western trends in fast food, pop music,
clothing styles, and social customs often dominate television, radio, and the cinema. Invasive** Western cultural forces take
the focus away from the traditional indigenous culture and heritage of the people who inhabited these isolated islands for centuries.
*indigenous refers to the people who are native to that location
**invasive refers to something that has invaded a location and is generally destructive
13. Which one of the following would be an example of globalization impacting the indigenous cultures of the South Pacific?
A young South Pacific residents learning the language spoken by their ancestors
B high school students in the South Pacific eating traditional foods grown on their islands
C islanders living in the South Pacific wearing blue jeans and t shirts
D older South Pacific islanders practicing traditional medicine
A young South Pacific residents learning the language spoken by their ancestors
B high school students in the South Pacific eating traditional foods grown on their islands
C islanders living in the South Pacific wearing blue jeans and t shirts
D older South Pacific islanders practicing traditional medicine
14. The estimated 2020 population of Samoa was _____.
A less than 205,000 B about 550, 000 C about 22,000 D more than 2.4 million 16. The capital city of Samoa is located on the island of ____.
A. Savai'i B. Manono C. American Samoa D. Upolu |
Samoa
from https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/samoa Samoa is a small island country in the central South Pacific Ocean. It is made up of an archipelago of 9 islands, 4 of which are inhabited. The 2 largest islands are Savai’i and Upolu. Samoa sits about halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii. The country originated from volcanic activity. It is mountainous, with many lakes and rivers. 15.According to the CIA World Fact Book, Samoa's natural resources are hardwood forests, fish and _______.
A sea salt B beach sand C hydropower D tropical flowers 17. Most Samoans are Christians. The largest Christian denomination in Samoa is ________.
A Roman Catholic B Mormon C Protestant D 7th Day Adventists |
Fiji
from https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/fiji Fiji is an archipelago in the South Pacific, sitting to the north of New Zealand and the north-east of Australia. It is made up of about 300 islands, only about 100 of which are inhabited. The islands feature a central range of mountains, giving way to plateaus, lowlands and coastal plains. Almost half of Fiji’s total area is covered by forests. 18 According to the CIA World Fact Book, Fiji's natural resources are timber, ______, gold, copper, off shore oil potential and hydropower.
A pearls B fish C bottled water D wind power |
19. The estimated 2020 population of Fiji was _____.
A under 93,000 B about 339,000 C about 696, 000 D about 936,000 |
20. The distance between the city of Suva and the city of Nadi on the island of Viti Levu is ________.
A 122 kilometers B 200 kilometers C 220 kilometers D 80 kilometers |
21. Which one of these islands is located in the Koro Sea?
A Tuvana-i-ra B Nairai C Vatoa D Ono-i-lau |
22. Kiribati two most important natural resources are fish and copra. What is copra?
A seaweed B sugarcane C pineapple D coconut |
Kiribati
[The island nation of Kiribati] has few natural resources and is one of the least developed Pacific Island countries; economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets; the public sector dominates economic activity 23. The estimated 2020 population of Kiribati is ____.
A less than 100,000 B between 101,000 and 150,000 C between 155,000 and 200,00 D more than 201,000 |
East Timor exports
26. Which one of these countries does not export coffee?
A East Timor B Indonesia C Fiji D Papua New Guinea |
Indonesia exports
27. Which of these countries exports copra?
A East Timor B Indonesia C Fiji D Papua New Guinea |
Fiji exports
28. Which of these countries exports cocoa beans?
A East Timor B Indonesia C Fiji D Papua New Guinea |
Papua New Guinea exports
29. Which of these countries does not exports petroleum?
A East Timor B Indonesia C Fiji D Papua New Guinea |
30. Which of these countries has the largest percentage of residents who practice the Roman Catholic religion?
A Malaysia B New Zealand C Solomon Islands D Papua New Guinea 31. In which of these countries would you find a small percentage of the population who practice Chinese Folk religions?
A Malaysia B New Zealand C Solomon Islands D Papua New Guinea |
Papua New Guinea Religions Chart
|
32. In which one of these country's population is mostly Muslim?
A Malaysia
B New Zealand
C Solomon Islands
D Papua New Guinea
A Malaysia
B New Zealand
C Solomon Islands
D Papua New Guinea